Kansas Historical Quarterly

The New England Emigrant
Aid Company Parties of 1855

by Louise Barry

August 1943 (Vol. 12, No. 3), pages 227 to 268
Transcription and HTML composition by Tod Roberts;
digitized with permission of the Kansas State Historical Society.
NOTE: The numbers in brackets refer to endnotes for this text.

INTRODUCTION

THE Emigrant Aid Company was founded in 1854, reorganized in 1855 under a new charter, and took its final form as the New England Emigrant Aid Company. Its activities from November, 1854, until March, 1855, were confined to reorganization, and to making plans for the spring season. The Missouri river was closed to navigation during the coldest months and the winter season was, in any case, an unfavorable time for introducing emigrants to Kansas.

The New England Emigrant Aid Company's first regular spring party left Boston on March 13, 1855. It is said to have numbered 200 ' but the names of only 186 have been found. The second party, starting a week later, consisted of about 170 persons. . From this time until the middle of May emigrants set, out regularly each week, but the parties rapidly dwindled in size, and after May but few were sent and these at irregular intervals.

The chief reason for this was the severe drought in Kansas in the winter of 1854 and spring of 1855. Also, prospective settlers in the early parties had been disappointed in finding so few improvements in the territory. The lack of timber lands and the scarcity of mills to make lumber were among the factors which caused many to return home in disgust or to look elsewhere for lands upon which to settle. Moreover, because of the drought the Missouri river was very low and navigation was difficult even for the light-draught steamboats. The cost of transportation on the river rose accordingly. Emigrants had been dismayed to, find the fare to Kansas higher than they had been led to expect. They wrote their Eastern friends and this publicity no doubt discouraged some prospective emigrants from the undertaking. Another deterrent was the renewal of hostilities between Proslavery Missourians and the FreeState settlers in the territory. The election of March 30 was dominated by some 1,000 armed Missourians who took over voting places and rolled up an overwhelming Proslavery vote. This threat of violence was sufficient to intimidate some prospective settlers; although to others it was a challenge.

The total number of emigrants sent to Kansas in 1855 by the 'New England Emigrant Aid Company was about 900. The proportion of those who actually settled was much smaller than in 1854. The only noticeable difference is that they were almost exclusively New Englanders, whereas in 1854 the emigrants included many from New York state. Rhode Island, Maine and Connecticut were more largely represented in the 1855 companies.

One of the fallacies of history, still current, is the belief that Kansas in the early territorial period was populated almost entirely by settlers from New England. The large-scale operations of the Emigrant Aid Company and the wide newspaper publicity its activities received were chiefly responsible for this assumption. The following, published in the Boston Advertiser in November, 1855, is doubtless more nearly correct:

There is a very general impression that New England has been drained of a considerable number of her people to settle Kanzas. It is entirely false. It is not probable that, more than three thousand New Englanders, men, women and children, are now in that territory. They form about a tenth part of its present population. The character of the emigration from New England, after the home sick boys came back, was of the very best, for culture, discipline, and morals. The New England settlers, therefore, take a prominent part in the affairs of the Territory, but in numbers they are in as small a proportion as we have stated. [1]

The New England Emigrant Aid Company sent numerous small parties to Kansas in 1856 and appears to have continued the project on a reduced scale in 1857 and 1858. Few lists of these companies are to be found, although the names of a number of emigrants who purchased railroad tickets through the Aid Company during the years 1856-1858 appear on manuscript records in the Kansas Historical Society's Emigrant Aid Company collection.

THE FIRST SPRING PARTY OF 1855

(Departed from Boston on March 13; Charles Robinson, of Lawrence, K. T., conductor.)

NAME	OCCUPATION	RESIDENCE	REMARKS
Abbott, Francis A.	Manufacturer	Lowell, Mass	Settled near Zeandale. See his reminiscences in Kansas Historical Collections, v. XII, pp. 392-396.
Abbott, Mrs. Maria H.	.	.	.
Abbott, Joshua	Farmer	Dexter, Maine	Settled in Topeka; died there June 4, 1855.
Adams, C	Farmer	Bedford, Mass.	.
Adams, W. A.	Carpenter	Milton, N. H.	.
Ambrose, David	Carpenter	Lawrence, Mass.	Settled in Manhattan.
Bixby, Luther	Farmer	Moretown, Vt.	.
Bliss, Alexander	Spar maker	New Bedford, Mass.	Settled in, or near Topeka.
Bolles, F.	.	Littleton, N.H.	.
Bolles, James G.	Broker	Boston, Mass.	Settled in, or near Topeka.
Bragg, Carver	Carder	Lawrence, Mass.	.
Bragg, Jacob	Spinner	Lawrence, Mass.	.
Brewer, J. A	Carpenter	Greenwich, R. I.	.
Brooks, James W.	.	Springvale, Maine	.
Brown, George F.	Carpenter	Pawtucket, R. I.	Settled in, or near Topeka.
Brown, John	Farmer	Providence, R. I.	.
Brown, LeRoy S.	.	Newburyport, Mass.	Child; with Joseph H. Chase family
Brown, William	Farmer	Providence, R. I.	.
Bullard, S.	.	Saxonville, Mass.	.
Bunker, James K.	Cabinetmaker	Providence, R. I.	Took claim near Topeka.
Bunker, James W.	.	Providence, R. I.	Son of James K. Bunker. 11 yrs. old
Capwell, J.	.	.	This ticket may not have been used.
Chase, Mrs. E. and child	.	.	.
Chase, Joseph H.	Farmer	Newburyport, Mass.	Settled in Topeka.
Chase, Mrs. Nancy	.	Newburyport, Mass.	.
Chase, Henry J.	.	Newburyport, Mass	.
Chaze, Eliza	.	Newburyport, Mass.	Died in Topeka, May 14, 1856.
Chase, Hannah	.	. Newburyport, Mass.	.
Chase, -----	.	Newburyport, Mass.	.
Chase, -----	.	Newburyport, Mass.	.
Chase, -----	.	Newburyport, Mass.	.
Clealand, William	Farmer	Natick, Mass.	.
Crane, George Abel	Farmer	W. Taunton, Mass.	Went to Manhattan, but did not stay.
Crosby, G. L.	.	.	.
Currier, Gardner	Stonecutter	Lawrence, Mass.	.
†Dame, Luther	Dry goods trader	Portsmouth, N. H.	.
†Davis, Francis	.	Falmouth, Mass.	Settled in, or near Topeka.
Dean, George	Tanner	W. Taunton, Mass.	Went to Manhattan, but did not stay.
Denison, Joseph	Clergyman	Bernardston, Mass.	First president Kansas State College, Manhattan; died in Manhattan in 1900. The youngest child died in Kansas City, on the way to Kansas.
Denison, Mrs. Sarah J. and 3 children	.	.	.
†Disney, J. C.	.	Boston, Mass.	.
Doane, Abner	Mechanic; carpenter	Eastham, Maine	Settled in Topeka.
Downs, Daniel	Teamster	Cambridgeport, Mass.	.
Emerson, E.	Varnisher; polisher	Boston, Mass.	.
†Emerson, Joseph Whittemore	Carpenter	Boston, Mass.	Settled in Riley county; served in Co. A. Fifth Kansas cavalry in Civil War; died in Seandale, February 6, 1889.
Fessenden, Timothy	.	Leominster, Mass.	Settled in, or near Topeka.
Fessenden, Mrs. Timothy and 2 children	.	.	.
Fick, Mrs. Sarah Ann	.	New York	Wife and chiuldren of Henry W. Fick of the Second Party of 1854
and 2 children	.	.	Under 5 years.
Field, Andrew H.	.	Portland, Maine	.
*Fish, A. A.	.	.	Settled in Topeka. See Herald of Freedom, June 9, 1855.
†Fisher, Henry F.	.	Lawrence, Mass.	.
Fitz, George W.	.	Cambridgeport, Mass.	.
†Fogg, J. M.	.	Lowell, Mass.	.
Ford, Ambrose W.	Mariner; farmer	Augusta, Maine	Settle in, or near Topeka. Listed erroneously on printed roster as "A. Lord."
French, George B.	.	Brunswick, Maine	Settled in Topeka.
French, James Cary	.	Brunswick, Maine	Son of George B. French; served in Kansas militia in 1856, and in Kansas volunteers in Civil War.
Getchill, Benjamin	.	Springvale, Maine	Settled in, or near Topeka.
†Gookin, W. H.	.	Portsmouth, N. H.	.
*[Gordon, William]	.	Providence, R. I.	Mentioned in Miller diary.
†Gorton, G. A.	Carpenter	E. Greenwich, R. I.	Went to Manhattan, but did not stay.
†Graves, Converse L.	Varnisher	Boston, Mass.	Also appears on the MS. roster as "Thomas L.," and on the printed roster as "Converse S."
Gray, Nathan H.	Varnisher	Boston, Mass.	.
Gray, Mrs. Nathan H.	.	Boston, Mass.	.
Gray, -----	.	Boston, Mass.	Daughter.
Gray [?]	.	Boston, Mass.	. Granddaughter.
Gray [?]	.	Boston, Mass.	Boy, 3 years old.
*[Grey, Samuel]	.	Biddeford, Maine	Settled in Topeka. See Herald of Freedom, June 9, 1855. Name spelled "Gray" in above source.
Hagee, J. W.	Farmer	Plymouth, Conn.	.
Hagee, Mrs. J. W.	.	Plymouth, Conn.	.
†Hall, Samuel	Carpenter	Stoneham, Mass.	Settled in Topeka.
Harmon, Henry C.	.	Lawrence, Mass.	Settled in Topeka.
†Haskell, Abner C.	.	N. Brookfield, Mass.	.
†Haskell, Charles A.	.	N. Brookfield, Mass.	.
†Hathaway, Charles	.	Montpelier, Vt.	.
Hathaway, George W.	Farmer	Fairhaven, Mass.	Settled in Topeka.
Henderson, William P.	.	Portsmouth, N.H.	Settled in Topeka.
†Herrendeen, L. M.	Cooper	Falmouth, Mass.	.
Hersey, Ebenezer	Shoemaker	Wayland, Mass.	.
Hersey, Mrs. Ebenezer and 6 children	.	.	Aged 10, 7, 6, 3, 2, and 1, respectively.
Higgins, Iram	Carpenter	Fairhaven, Mass.	.
†High, W. C.	Clergyman	Boston, Mass	Methodist
†Hubbard, Moses	Machinist	S. Berwick, Maine	Settled in Topeka.
†Hubbard, Paul R.	Carpenter	S. Berwick, Maine	Settled in Topeka.
Ingraham, Emory D.	.	Coventry, R. I.	Settled in Topeka.
Ingraham, Philip	Farmer	Coventry, R. I.	Settled in Topeka, later moved to Big Blue river region (?).
†Irish, Albert	Manufacturer	Biddeford, Maine	Settled in Topeka.
†Jones, E.	.	.	.
Keller, Joseph	Cabinetmaker	Baden, Germany	.
Kellogg, Kate E.	Teacher	Belchertown, Mass.	Opened school in Lawrence in June, 1855. See Herald of Freedom, June 16, 1855.
Kimball, Mrs. Frederick		Fitchburg, Mass.	Wife of Frederick Kimball of the Third Party of 1854; settled in Lawrence
†Kimball, G. E.	Manufacturer	Lawrence, Mass.	.
Kimball, Mrs. Samuel	.	Fitchburg, Mass.	Wife of Samuel Kimball of the Third Party of 1854; settled in Lawrence.
Kloppenburg, H. J.	Farmer	Lowell, Mass.	.
Landon, E. A.	Cutler	Plymouth, Conn.	Settled in Douglas county.
Landon, Mrs. Maria	.	.	.
Landon, Charles	.	.	8 years old.
Lewis, Samuel	Hairdresser	New York City	.
Lewis, William B.	Caulker	New York City	Settled in Douglas county.
Libbey, Granville	.	Saco, Maine	.
Lincoln, J. M.	.	Cambridgeport, Mass.	.
†Liscom, C.	Farmer	Montpelier, Vt.	.
†Litchfield, Leonard	.	Leominster, Mass.	Settled in Lawrence.
†Livingston, B. G.	.	Fitchburg, Mass.	.
†Locke, Frederick J.	Farmer	W. Cambridge, Mass.	.
Lockley, J.	.	Leominster, Mass.	.
Lockley, J. L.	.	Leominster, Mass.	.
†Luce, John W.	Watchmaker	Lawrence, Mass.	.
McNamee, James	Weaver	Millville, Mass.	Settled in Topeka. Name appears on rosters as "J. McNannie."
Marshall, Andrew	Teacher	E. Weare, N. H.	Settled near Zeandale; died there September 22, 1857.
†Marshall, William	Mason	Fitchburg, Mass.	.
Marshall, William B.	Farmer	E. Weare, N. H.	Settled near Zeandale.
Marshall, Mrs. Anne	.	.	.
[Mechan, Arthur]	.	.	See Herald of Freedom, March 31, 1855.
†Merrill, Daniel	.	Saco, Maine	.
Miller, Joseph C.	Tinman	Providence, R. I.	Settled in Topeka where he died in 1879.
Moore, Hanson	Shoemaker	S. Berwick, Maine	Possibly the same as "D. H. Moore" of the First 1855 Party who settled in Topeka. See Herald of Freedom, June 9, 1855.
Morrison, Abiel	Painter	Lawrence, Mass.	.
†[Mossman, John C.]	.		Settled near Zeandale; later lived in Wichita.
Perry, S.	Carpenter	Dighton, Mass.	Went to Manhattan. (See I. T. Goodnow's diary, entry for April 3, 1855.)
Phillips, Roswell	Machinist	Saco, Maine	.
Pike, John	Carpenter	Saco, Maine	Settled in Douglas county.
Pike, Mrs. Elizabeth	.	.	.
Pike, Mary A.	.	.	.
Pike, Daniel	.	.	.
Pillsbury, Leonard Hobart	Carpenter	Londonderry, N. H.	Bro. of Mrs. William Marshall; settled near Zeandale.
Rawson, Orlando	.	Lawrence, Mass.	Settled in, or near Topeka.
Redlon, Nathan E.	Mason	Buxton, Maine	.
†Reed, Josiah	Tin plater	Portland, Maine	.
†Rhymes, George	Machinist	Lawrence, Mass.	.
Rice, J. E.	.	Roxbury, Mass.	.
†Rutter, William	.	Leominster, Mass.	.
Sawyer, William	Storekeeper	Saco, Maine	.
†Seeley, R.	Carpenter	Lawrence, Mass.	"Seavy" in printed roster.
†Severance, H. M.	.	Cambridgeport, Mass.	.
†[Shattuck, Truman] [2]	.	Colerain, Mass.	Settled, briefly, near present Manhattan.
Smith, Samuel	Shoemaker	Dorchester, Mass.	.
Smith, Samuel C.	.	Cambridgeport, Mass.	Settled on the Wakarusa, some eight miles from Lawrence.
Stine, T. A.	.	.	This ticket may not have been used.
Stone, Abram	.	New Hampshire	Settled near Zeandale.
Stone, Jesse	.	Medford, Mass.	Settled in Topeka; later ran a hotel.
Stone, William Henry	.	Medford, Mass.	Son of Jesse Stone.
Stone, Mary B.	.	.	.
Swift, Francis B.	Printer	Brunswick, Maine	Settled in Lawrence; served in First Kansas regiment in Civil War; afterwards lived in Girard.
Tabor, Horace A. W.	Stonecutter	Holland, Vt.	Settled near Zeandale; later moved to Colorado and became a millionaire from mining ventures; died in Denver in 1899.
Tolman, Charles F., Jr.	Shoemaker	Gloucester, Mass.	.
Trask, Elnathan	.	.	Settled in Topeka.
†Trott, Amos	.	Portsmouth, N. H.	Settled in Topeka.
Vogel, Herman	Cabinetmaker	Saxony, Germany	.
Waite, William B.	.	Portsmouth, N. H.	.
Waters, Andrew S.	Jeweler	Providence, R. I.	Settled near Topeka.
Waters, Henry P.	Jeweler	Providence, R. I.	Took claim near Topeka.
Wells, [3] Thomas Clarke	.	Wakefield, R. I.	Settled near Manhattan.
Wentworth, Hiram H.	Machinist	Providence, R. I.	Settled near Topeka.
* [Whitin, A. F.]	.	.	Settled in Topeka. See Herald of Freedom, June 9, 1855.
Whittier, Lewis	Machinist	Lawrence, Mass.	.
†Wilbur, Charles L.	Engineer	Boston, Mass.	Settled in, or near Topeka.
Wilbur, Mrs. Charles L.		Boston, Mass.	.
Wilson, H.	.	Springvale, Maine	.
Wright, A. C.	Shoemaker	Natick, Mass.	.
Wyan, Andrew	Weaver	Millville, Mass.	Settled in, or near Topeka.
Wynn, Isaac	Engineer	Millville, Mass.	Settled in, or near Topeka.
Wynn, Samuel A.	Designer	Millville, Mass.	Settled in, or near Topeka.

Chief sources used in compiling this list: (1) A manuscript roster in the J. S. Emery Collection, MSS. division, Kansas State Historical Society, headed: "First Regular Spring Party under charge of Dr. Chs. Robinson. Time of Departure, March 13th 1855"; (2) "First spring party, March 13, 1855, Dr. Robinson conducting agent," printed in Report of the Special Committee Appointed to Investigate the Troubles in Kansas (Washington, 1856), 34 Cong., I Sess., House Report No. 200 (Serial 869), [See. II] pp. 887-889; (3) Joseph C. Miller diary in MSS. division, Kansas State Historical Society.

The names of William Hutchinson and wife, and Thomas Bickerton appear on the printed roster. The Hutchinsons came with the Second Party of 1855. It seems probable that Bickerton also came with the Second Party.

The manuscript roster lists "J. Dennison, 2 ladies and three children." These names are not on the printed roster, but the Denison family did come with this party.

* Names in brackets do not appear on the manuscript or printed rosters, but have been verified from other sources as members of this company.

† Voted in the Kansas territorial election of March 30, 1855, in the first district (i. e., at Lawrence). Proslaverymen from Missouri who came into Kansas and voted in this election claimed they had as much right to vote as the newly-arrived members of the New England Emigrant Aid Company party.

The first regular Spring Party of 1855 departed from the Fitchburg depot in Boston on March 13, 1855. [4] Thomas H. Webb, secretary of the New England Emigrant Aid Company, reported that the company consisted of 125 men, 23 women and 34 children-a total of 182 individuals. [5] The conducting agent was Charles Robinson, who wrote from Rutland, Vt., on March 14:

     The first Kanzas party arrived at this place about 8 o'clock this morning, all well and in good spirits. In consequence of the running of a freight train off the track, and the severe snow storm, we are several hours behind time, but shall be in Albany, fortune favoring us, in season for the evening train to Niagara Falls.
     Our party was greeted on the way with cheers and good wishes for success at several of the Stations, particularly at Leominster, Fitchburg and Keene. At Fitchburg not less than one thousand of the citizens met us at the depot, and greeted us with songs and cheers that thrilled the heart of every Kanzas bound pioneer.
     The songs were sung by a company of ladies and gentlemen of Fitchburg in a very impressive manner, and were very appropriate to the occasion. The first was the prize song by Miss Larcom, and the second was an original production, supposed to be by Rev. E. Davis.... [6]

The route from Boston to Detroit varied from that taken by the parties of 1854. Instead of crossing Lake Erie, they went by train to Niagara Falls, crossed over to Canadian soil, then back into the United States at Detroit.

For this company the entire trip was one of delays and inconveniences. Wrote the Rev. W. C. High:

As you probably already know, our party of 200 left Boston on the 13th, and landed in Kanzas city on the 24th of March, at about 7 o'clock P. M. This was a very tedious and tiresome journey, owing in part to the state of the roads, but more to the size of our party, which continued to increase as we came West. If I do not mistake, we failed of making a single connection between Boston and St. Louis; this was very perplexing to the passengers, being compelled as they were to travel night and day, without rest or much refreshment, for 130 hours together. But I am very happy in being able to say that Dr. Robinson, under whose supervision we traveled, spared no pains on his part to render us as comfortable as possible.
From St. Louis to Kanzas city, a distance of 480 miles, we were crowded in the most uncomfortable manner; and in consequence of unavoidable exposure in our sleeping arrangements, almost every person in our party took a violent cold, from which many have since suffered severely. [7]

The journey from St. Louis to Kansas City was made on the steamboat Sonora. While on board, on March 24, the emigrants held a meeting and passed resolutions thanking their conducting agent and the officers of the boat for their services. Arthur Meehan was chairman of the meeting; Luther Dame was secretary.

The company, which may have numbered as high as 200 at some stage of the journey, had not more than 170 members at the end of the trip. [8] The letter of Henry C. Harmon, dated Topeka, June 5, gives some information on the movements of members of this party after their arrival at Kansas City:

     In Kansas City we purchased our teams (mostly ox), and after packing our baggage and what provisions we might want, started for Lawrence City, a distance of 50 miles up the Kansas river.
     At this place we were to meet a Committee, previously chosen and sent ahead to explore the country, and to hear their report; we reached there after three days travel and found the committee awaiting our arrival. Their report was in favor of Topeka, a town on the Kansas river 25 miles above Lawrence, and the report was accepted.
     The most of our party arrived at this place [Topeka] the first day of April, and those of them who had not become disheartened, soon went in search of claims, and succeeded in obtaining them. These claims lay within a distance of from 3 to 5 miles from the city (that is to be), and have little or no wood upon them, but have abundance of stone, clay, water, limestone, and some coal. The most of those who procured claims, and a part of those who did not, are now at work erecting buildings in the city.
     Each member of our company had two city lots given him, 75 by 100 feet, provided the donee would make improvements upon one of them to the amount of $125 in from three to nine months after settlement, the other lot on terms unconditional. [9]

Samuel Grey, who also settled in Topeka, wrote:

Nearly half of our party became homesick and have gone back, but some were really sick and obliged to return. Some seemed to think they should find farms all fenced, and houses built ready for their reception, every advantage here that they had left behind, and rich soil, healthy climate, and in short all the luxuries of the ... [East], and because it was not so ... they turned around and went back well content, I suppose, to pick rocks and dig out stumps and raise their scanty crops from the barren soil of Maine. A man that comes to this country without money, must expect to meet with many privations as well as elsewhere. -- Board is $3.00 per week, and mechanics readily command $2.00 per day. Messrs. Whiting, Irish, and myself are at work on a mill here. We intend to build us each a house in the city this summer. The frame will be mostly of black-walnut. Shall not attend to farming much this summer, as the land is not surveyed.... The country around this place for 8 or 10 miles is all claimed by people who have come here since last fall, and who intend to make farms, and it appears that this will be a place of some importance, perhaps the Capital of the State, when organized, at least it is talked of as such now.... [10]

Some of this party settled in Lawrence or on adjoining land in Douglas county; a few went to Manhattan and to Zeandale in Riley county. But most of those who stayed in Kansas settled in Topeka or its vicinity.

THE SECOND SPRING PARTY OF 1855

(Departed from Boston on March 20; John T. Farwell, of Fitchburg, Mass., conductor.)

NAME	OCCUPATION	RESIDENCE	REMARKS
Abbott, George	.	Providence, R. I.	.
Atherton, Henry	Farmer	Roxford, Mass.	.
Atherton, Mrs. Henry	.	Roxford, Mass.	.
Atherton, Ellen M.	.	Roxford, Mass.	12 years old
Atherton, Henry F.	.	Roxford, Mass.	4 years old
Barton, Peter	Carpenter; joiner	Croydon, N. H.	.
Barton, Mrs. Peter	.	Croydon, N. H.	.
Barton, Mary F.	.	Croydon, N. H.	4 years old.
Barton, Frederick A.	.	Croydon, N. H.	2 years old.
Barton, Laura M.	.	Croydon, N. H.	9 months old.
Bascom, L. H.	Shoe dealer	Worcester, Mass.	Same as L. H. Bascom of the Second Party of 1854?
Bayer, Henry	.	Lawrence, Mass.	"Bayes" on two of the rosters.
Beath, Charles S.	Carpenter	Bath, Maine	.
Beatley, Robinson	.	Providence, R. I.	"Bentley" on two of the rosters.
Bickerton, Thomas	Machinist	Portland, Maine	Settled in Douglas county. See his reminiscences in Kansas Historical Collections, v. I-II, pp. 214-221.
Blaisdell, James H.	Carpenter	Southampton, N. H.	"John H." on two rosters.
Brown, Israel H.	Farmer	Wilmot, N. H.	.
Brown, Jonathan	Farmer	Wilmot, N. H.	.
Brown, Joseph	Carpenter	Lowell, Mass.	.
Brown, Mrs. Susan W.	.	Lowell, Mass.	.
Brown, Onslow F.		Lowell, Mass.	3 years old.
Brown, Levi E.	Farmer	Lowell, Mass.	.
Burrows, E. W.	Carpenter	Providence, R. I.	.
Carr, Robert W.	Lawyer	Mechanic Falls, Maine	.
Chappell, Edward	Farmer	Blackstone, Mass.	.
Chappell, Mrs. Edward	.	Blackstone, Mass.	.
Chase, Benjamin E.	.	Salem, Mass.	.
Choate, Isaac P.	Teacher	Naples, Maine	.
Colby, Christopher C.	Farmer; carpenter	Springfield, N. H.	.
Colby, John D.	Farmer; machinist	Springfield, N. H.	.
Colby, Samuel	Farmer, carpenter	Springfield, N. H.	.
Cowee, Carolos	Bookkeeper	Providence, R. I.	"Cooley" on one roster; "Cool" on another.
Cutler, --- ---	.	Vermont	Joined after party started.
Damon, Joseph Thomas	Farmer	Cochituate, Mass.	.
Darling, Thomas	Farmer	Pawtucket, R. I.	.
Davis, Benjamin	Farmer	Pawtucket, R. I.	.
Davis, James	.	Pawtucket, R. I.	12 years old; son of Benjamin Davis.
Dole, Henry S.	Carpenter	Lowell, Mass.	.
Douglas, David	Farmer	Pawtucket, R. I.	.
Fall, Lorenzo D.	Carpenter	N. Andover, Mass.	"Full" on one roster.
Farnum, Joseph	Carpenter	Salem, Mass.	"James" on one roster.
Fish, Edmund	Teacher	Schoolcraft, Mich.	Joned after party started.
Fracker, George	Laborer	Blackstone, Mass.	"Fricker" on one roster.
Francis, Samuel	.	Brownville, N. Y.	Joined after party started.
Fuller, Albert	Carpenter	Pawtucket, R. I.	.
Goodrich, Joshua C.	Farmer	Mt. Vernon, N. H.	"Josiah" on two rosters.
Goodwin, James R.	Painter	Boston, Mass.	.
Green, Joseph G.	Shoemaker	Brattleboro, Vt.	.
Green, Mrs. Joseph G.	Tailoress	Brattleboro, Vt.	.
Green, Herbert F.	.	Brattleboro, Vt.	11 years old.
Green, Albert M.	.	Brattleboro, Vt.	8 years old.
Grout, Admantha	.	Brattleboro, Vt.	Not on printed roster.
Guild, Edwin	Teacher; farmer	Walpole, N. H.	.
Hackett, Nathan	Manufacturer	Lowell, Mass.	.
Hackett, Mrs. Lavinia		Lowell, Mass.	.
Hackett, Vinella	.	Lowell, Mass.	.
Hagar, Daniel	Farmer	Rindge, N. H.	.
Hagar, Mrs. Daniel	.	Rindge, N. H.	.
Halbaur, Ernest	Operative	Dedham, Mass.	.
Halbaur, Charles	.	Dedham, Mass.	Son of Ernst Halbaur.
Halbaur, Christiana	.	Dedham, Mass.	.
Haskell, James S.

Kansas Historical Quarterly

The New England Emigrant Aid Company Parties of 1855

by Louise Barry

The New England Emigrant
Aid Company Parties of 1855