American Indians--Sac and Fox

BIBLIOGRAPHY

SAC AND FOX INDIANS IN KANSAS

The sources cited here can all be found within the collections of the Kansas State Historical Society.

“Appraisal of Competency.” 83rd Congress, 2nd Session. 1954. (Ser. Doc. no. 11747/
p. 83).

[Determination by the U.S. Government, as to whether the members of the Sac and Fox tribes were able to manage their own affairs. Some interesting assumptions.]

“Appropriations For Sac and Fox Indians.” 40th Congress, 3rd Session. 1869. (Ser. Doc. 1372/no. 38).

[Letters from the committee on Indian affairs to the Secretary of the Interior, concerning estimates of appropriations required to fulfill treaty stipulations with the tribe, as a result of the Treaty of 1867. Definitely worth reading.]

Armstrong, John. The Eclectic Almanac for the Year 1839. (Microfilm MS 139.02).

[Notations in the book indicate that the Sac and Fox of the Presbyterian Mission used it in present day Doniphan County. While the reading is interesting, little information is recovered.]

Bruce, Harold E. Kansas Indians of Today. (970.1/Pam./v. 12/no. 7).

[Written primarily about the Potawatomi, Kickapoo, Iowa, Sac and Fox, the article presents a very interesting view of history of the tries in Kansas, their integration into white culture, and aspects of their education. Worth reading.]

Bushnell, David I. Jr. “Villages of the Algonquian, Siouan, and Caddoan Tribes West of the Mississippi.” Bureau of American Ethnology. Washington, 1922. (GL/572/Sm6/ no. 77/p. 37).

[Discusses the similarities between the Sac and Fox tribes, with emphasis on the structures of their homes and their planting techniques. Illustrations are present. While not specific to Kansas, the information, though minimal is useful and an adequate bibliography is included.]

Confederation of American Indians, compilers. Indian Reservations, A State and Federal Handbook. Jefferson, North Carolina: McFarland and Company, Inc., 1986. (970.5/C 76/p. 95).

[Overview of the Sac and Foxes federal reservation in Kansas. Though brief, it provides interesting and useful information.]

Connelly, William. A Standard History of Kansas and Kansans. Chicago and New York: Lewis Publishing Co. 1918. (K/978.1/C76/1918/v. I/p. 265).

[Although brief, the information presents an interesting view of the Tribes, with respect to their relations to the U.S. Government, including various frauds committed by members of Lincoln’s cabinet and others. Definitely worth reading.]

Clark, William H. “Indian Pow-wow.” Ottawa Weekly Herald, October 23, 1903.
(MF O598/p. 10).

[Well-written article covering the meeting between Chief’s of the Sac and Fox, and one J.p. Harris, in which the Chief’s wish to return to their lands in Franklin County. The article relates how the white leaders shunned any suggestion by the tribe, and also presents some interesting analogies. Worth reading.]

Ferris, Mrs. I.M. “Sauks and Foxes in Franklin and Osage Counties.” Kansas State Historical Society, 1909 – 1910. Topeka, 1910. (SP/906/K13/v. II/p. 333).

[A well-written document about the tries, including detailed incites into their lives and history, while in Kansas. Census, Indian speeches, and accounts by those present are included. Excellent footnotes and illustrations.]

Forman, Grant. The Last Trek of the Indians. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1946. (GL/970.5/F761L/pp. 133 and 222).

[A well-written history of the Sauk and Foxes, with information particularly relevant to their life in Kansas, including specific treaties. Excellent, with exceptional footnotes.]

Gale, George. “The Sac, Foxes, and Potowatomies, and a tale of all tribes in 1866.”
Upper Mississippi and the Progress of Civilization. Chicago: Clarke and Co., 1867.
(GL/970.1/G131/p. 291).

[Well-written historical perspective. Includes many of the treaties associated with the U.S. Government and the tribes of the Sac and Fox. Worth reading.]

Gray, P. L. Gray’s Doniphan County History. Bendana, Kansas: The Roycroft Press, 1905. (K/978.1/–D71/G79/Pt.2/pp. 11, 27, 30).

[Gives brief portrayals of the tribe, with locations of their territory, history and White Cloud and Highland Station, Kansas’s sites. Not overly informative.]

Green, Charles R. Early Days in Kansas, Tales and Traditions of the Marias des Cygnes Valley. Olathe, Kansas, v. 5, 1914. (970.5/Un3/Pam./v. 5).

[A narrative of aspects of early life in the area, from 1880 – 1907. Tales of the Sac and Fox are included, with interesting stories about Quenemo, Mokohoka, and various tribal rites. Looks at the townships of Arvonia and Melvern. Provides a local historical point of interest.]

Green, Charles R. Early Days in Kansas In Keokuk’s Time on the Kansas Reservation.
Olathe, Kansas 1913. (970.1/Os1/G82).

[A well-written account of incidents pertaining to the chief of the Sac and Foxes, tales of early settlers, and life on the reservation, which was located at the head of the Osage river from 1846 – 1870. Includes maps and photographs. Worth reading.]

Green, Charles. R. “The Indians of Huron County, One Hundred Years Ago.” Fireland Pioneer, Norwalk, Ohio, 1906. Kansas State Historical Society. (K/978.1/–osl/G82).

[Although mainly discussing Indian Tribes of Ohio, from 1795 – 1876, the writing presents an historical perspective of the Sac tribe with emphasis on their movement to Kansas, and an interesting biography on Chief Quenemo, for which the city was named.]

Green, C. R. Sac and Fox Indians in Kansas: Mokohoko’s Stubbornness. Olathe, Kansas. Nov. 1914. (K/970.1/Pam./v. 10/no. 16).

[Exceptionally interesting, with a brief history of the Sac and Fox tribes, and especially Chief Mokohok’s band of Indians, Included is his speech to the Indian Council in 1869, and other assorted facts, Definitely worth reading.]

Green, C. R. “Sac and Fox History,” and “ A Visit Among the Sac and Fox and Delaware Indians.” The Peoples Herald. Dec. 3, 1903. (K/Port./970.1/G82).

[Both articles present some new perspectives of both tribes, Short, but informative, especially for the areas around Osage and Franklin counties.]

Hagan William Thomas. The Sac and Fox Indians. Norman, Oklahoma : University of Oklahoma Press, 1958. (GL/970.3/-Sa 89).

[An excellent, well-written account of the Sac and Foxes, from the early 1800’s to the 1890’s. Demonstrates the clash of two distinct civilizations. A must read source, with an exceptional bibliography.]

Harvard Encyclopedia of American Ethnic Groups. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1980. (352.2/H261/p. 68).

[Although a brief history is recounted, most of the information concerns the tribe between the 1830’s and the 1970’s. Presents some useful information.]

Harvey, A.M. “The Trail of the Sac and Fox.” Tales and Trials of the Wakarusa.
Topeka, Kansas: Crane and Co., 1917. (K/978.1/-sh1/H29/p. 13).

[Although brief, the chapter does present a vivid image of landmarks along the river.]

Herring, Joseph B. “Indian Intransigency in Kansas: Government Bureaucracy vs. Mokohoko’s Sacs and Foxes.” Western Historical Quarterly. Vol. 17, 1986.
(978.05/W. 524/v. 17/p. 185).

[Discusses the ordering of the expulsion of Chief Mokohoko’s people from Kansas in 1866. Very interesting, especially in examining the differing views of the settlers, the U.S. government and the Indians themselves. Worth reading, with excellent footnotes.]

Hill, Edward E, “Sac and Fox Agency, 1824 – 1880.” Historical Sketches. New York, New York: Clearwater Publishing Co., Inc., 1974. (GL/970.5/H551/p. 150).

[Provides a good reference source for the field units of the Bureau of Indian Affairs, during this time. Denotes the agent, the date of the appointment, and gives a brief history of the tribes.]

Indian Census Rolls. (Microfilm MS 1958, 1959, 1960).

[Lists tribes’ members of the Sac and Fox, Iowa Agency, from 1888 – 1939. Provides a breakdown according to sex, juveniles and school children. Useful for genealogical references.]

Indian History Collection. Kansas State Historical Society Manuscript Collections. (Collection 590/Box 4 of 7).

[Contains hand written letters, from 1851 – 1909, from individuals involved with the Sac and Fox tribes in Kansas. Extremely informative. Definitely worth reading.]

Indian and Military Reservation Field Notes and Correspondence, 1839 – 1883.
(Microfilm MS 1046.4).

[Although measurements and coordinates are displayed, without a map little information can be obtained.]

Jones, William. “The Sales of the Lands in Kansas.” Fox Texts. American Ethnological Society. Leyden: E.J. Brill, Publishers and Printers, 1907. (GL/970.3/-F83J/p. 31).

[Based on oral historical narratives, the lore of selling the land is told in both English and the Algonquin dialect. Extremely interesting, but not overly informative.]

Kapler, Charles J. Indian Affairs, Laws, and Treaties. Washington, D.C.: Government Printing Office, 1904. (970.5/Un3TK/v. 1-6).

[As a former clerk to the committee on Indian affairs, the author present the exact treaties between all Indian tribes and the U.S. Government, Treaties involving the Sac and Fox tribes include cessation of lands, payments, laws, and allotment of lands. The work covers a period between 1830 and the early 1900’s. Worth reading. See Index.]

Lasley, Mary Mrs. “Sac and Fox Tales.” Journal of American Folklore. Boston and New York, July – Sept. 1906. (GL/398.05/J82/v. 15/p. 170).

[The daughter of Chief Black Hawk wrote the article, while she resided in Reserve, Kansas, in Brown County. The tales show that some of the old settlers tales may have mixed with Indian lore. Very interesting and worth reading.]

Leitch, Barbara A. A Concise Dictionary of Indian Tribes of North America.
Michigan: Reference Publications, Inc., 1979. (GL/970.1/L535/pp. 162 and 409).

[A brief history of beliefs and customs of each tribe. Interesting, with an excellent bibliography.]

Letters Received by the Office of Indian Affairs, 1824 – 1881. Sac and Fox Agency, 1824 – 1858. (Microfilm MS 275 and 276).

[Although some are difficult to read, the letters present some insight into the relationships between the Indians and the White Settlers. Included are many letters from the Indians, asking for claims to be filed against settlers, for stolen property, aggression, and the return of lands. Worth Reading.]

Michelson, Truman. Contributions to Fox Ethnology. Washington, 1927.
(GL/572/Sm6/no. 85).

[An excellent, descriptive work of the customs of the Fox tribe, including Indian texts, with English translation, linguistic notes, and illustrations. Excellent bibliography.]

Michelson, Truman. “Observations on the Thunder Dance of the Bear Gens of the Fox Indians.” Bureau of American Ethnology, Bulletin 87. Washington, D.C., 1929.
(GL/572/Sm6/Bull no. 89).

[An interesting look on the cultural aspects of the dance, with diagrams, illustrations, and a translation in both English and the Fox dialect.]

Morgan, Lewis Henry. The Indian Journals, 1859 – 1862. New York: Dover Publications, 1933. (970.1/M823/1993).

[A generalized discussion of all Indian tries, with some useful information related to the Sac and Foxes.]

“Materials, Laws, and Treaties.” 82nd Congress, 2nd Session. 1953. (Serial no. 11582/
pp. 568 and 944).

[Contains a concise, excellent history of the Sac and Fox, A discussion of the tribes census, cultural, economic and social conditions, various claims filed, and a review of the reservations in Iowa, Kansas, and Nebraska. The period covered is between the early 1900’s and 1950. Worth reading, with an excellent bibliography.]

Parsons, William B. “The Sac and Foxes.” Kansas Magazine. Topeka, 1872. (K/050
/K 13/v. II/pp. 215 and 342).

[Although brief, the articles present an excellent historical perspective of the wars with other Indian tribes and with settlers. Also presented, is an excellent biographical sketch of Chief Black Hawk, the Black Hawk war, and its causes. Worth reading.]

“Regarding Removal of Indian Bureau Supervision.” 83rd Congress, 2nd Session. 1954
(Ser. Doc. 11747/p. 427).

[The need for supervision is discussed. Tribes of the Sac and Fox in Kansas and Nebraska, no longer wanted or needed supervision, while those members in Oklahoma requested continued supervision. Interesting as to rationale.]

“Reports and Paper Congruent with Membership of the Sac and Fox Indians.” 51st Congress, 1st Session. 1890. (Ser. Doc. 2686/no. 82).

[Letters between the Dept. of the Interior and the various Indian Agency personnel, regarding the names of people being added to the Sac and Fox membership list, resulting in pain and unpaid annuities. Ethical practices might be questioned. Worth reading.]

Sac and Fox Tribe of Missouri. Community Development Block Grant Pre-Application.
December 1979. (628/En 89/no. 29).

[This application is for the purpose of acquiring land and to provide future homes and community services to tribal members. Included, is a history of the tribe, up to 1979, plans for the dispersion of monies, health care, etc. Maps are included of proposed land acquisitions. Very informative.]

“Sac and Fox Indians To Be Guest For Centennial.” Emporia Gazette, June 28, 1957.
Lyon County Clippings. (K/978.1/–L98/Clipp./v. 5/p. 26).

[Although not overly informative, the article does share a few facts pertinent to the tribe.]

Sac and Fox Newspapers Clippings. (970.1/Sa2/Clipp./v. 1).

[Newspaper clippings from 1833 – 1967, provide information relevant to the tribes from Chief Black Hawk to Jim Thorpe. Many aspects of tribal history are included, as are illustrations. Definitely worth reading.]

"Sac and Fox Papers, 1894 – 1953". Margrave Family Papers, 1861 –1961. (Series 6. MF 2680).

[Letters to the Secretary of the Interior and the Commissioner of Indian Affairs concerning the release of funds held in trust for the Sac and Fox. Letters involve the tribes of Kansas and Oklahoma. Very interesting and worth reading, as the Margrave family was composed of Sac and Fox members.]

Schmeckebier, Lawrence F. The Office of Indian Affairs, It’s History, Activities and Organization. Baltimore, Maryland: The John Hopkins Press, 1927. (GL/970.5/Sch 45/p. 108).

[A very brief review of the Treaty of 1867, whereby the Sac and Fox ceded their lands in Kansas, and moved to the Indian Territory. Maps included.]

Tax Sol. “The Social Organization of the Fox Indians.” Social Anthropology of North America. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1937. (GL/970.6/So 13/p. 243).

[A very informative writing, which includes the Kinship system, social structures and customs, and the view of the life cycle. An excellent source.]

Treaty Between the United States and the Confederated Tribes of the Sac and Foxes of the Mississippi. (K/970.1/Pam./v.12/no. 6).

[The treaty, made in 1859, and ratified in 1860, does not relate to Kansas proper, but does present the government’s view of what the Tribes wanted and what the government wanted for the tribes. Interesting reading.]

United States Department of the Interior, Office of Indian Affairs. St. Louis Superintendency Papers, 1807 – 1855. (MS 95 Vol. 6-7).

[Also known as the “Clark Papers.” Letters recommending agricultural assistance and complaining about the lack of enforcement of treaty laws.]

U.S. Department of the Interior, Office of Indian Affairs. Constitution and By-Laws of the Sac and Fox Tribe of Missouri, of the Sac and Fox Reservations in Kansas and Nebraska. Washington, D.C.: Government Printing Office, 1937. (970.5/Un3/Pam./v. 5).

[Description of the territory, governing body, membership, duties of officers, and voting qualifications. Worth reading.]

U.S. Department of the Interior, Office of Indian Affairs. Corporate Charter of the Sac and Fox tribe of Missouri, and the Sac and Fox reservations in Kansas and Nebraska. Washington, D.C.: Government Printing Office, 1937. (970.5/Un3/Pam v. 6).

[A description of the rights of the tribe to manage their own lands, and monies, including Corporate dividends and accounts. From the early treaties, to this modern charter, the cultural assimilation is very evident. Worth reading.]

Waldman, Carl. Encyclopedia of American Indian Tribes. New York, New York. 1988.
(GL/979.1/F761L/pp. 133 and 210).

[Brief history and description of trial social customs. Simplistic, but interesting]

The sources listed are available in our reference room, some through interlibrary loan. You may contact the reference staff with questions.

Completion of this bibliography was made possible by volunteer John Liezert.